(Answers must be written in Hindi)
Paper I
Section A: History of Hindi Language and Nagari Lipi
Grammatical and applied forms of Apbhransh, Awahatta & Arambhik Hindi.
Development of Braj and Awadhi as literary language during medieval period.
Early form of Khari-boli in Siddha-Nath Sahitya, Khusero, Sant Sahitaya, Rahim etc. and Dakhni Hindi.
Development of Khari-boli and Nagari Lipi during 19th Century.
Standardisation of Hindi Bhasha & Nagari Lipi.
Development of Hindi as national Language during freedom movement.
The development of Hindi as a National Language of Union of India.
Scientific & Technical development of Hindi Language.
Prominent dialects of Hindi and their inter relationship.
Salient features of Nagari Lipi and the efforts for its reform & Standard form of Hindi.
Grammatical structure of Standard Hindi.
Section B: History of Hindi Literature
The relevance and importance of Hindi literature and tradition of writing History of Hindi Literature.
Literary trends of the following four periods of history of Hindi Literature:
1. Adikal- Sidh, Nath and Raso Sahitya.
Prominent poets- Chandvardai, Khusaro, Hemchandra, Vidyapati.
2. Bhaktikal- Sant Kavyadhara, Sufi Kavyadhara, Krishna Bhaktidhara and Ram Bhaktidhara.
Prominent Poets-Kabir, Jayasi, Sur & Tulsi.
3. Ritikal- Ritikavya, Ritibaddhakavya & Riti Mukta Kavya.
Prominent Poets-Keshav, Bihari, Padmakar and Ghananand.
4. Adhunik Kal
Renaissance, the development of Prose, Bharatendu Mandal.
Prominent Writers: Bharatendu, Bal Krishna Bhatt & Pratap Narain Mishra.
Prominent trends of modern Hindi Poetry: Chhayavad, Pragativad, Proyogvad, Nai Kavita, Navgeet and Contemporary poetry and Janvadi Kavita.
Prominent Poets: Maithili Sharan Gupta, Prasad, Nirala, Mahadevi, Dinkar, Agyeya, Muktibodh, Nagarjun.
Katha Sahitya
Upanyas & Realism
The origin and development of Hindi Novels
Prominent Novelists: Premchand, Jainendra, Yashpal, Renu and Bhism Sahani.
The origin and development of Hindi short story.
Prominent short Story Writers: Premchand, Prasad, Agyeya, Mohan Rakesh & Krishna Sobti.
Drama & Theatre
The origin & Development of Hindi Drama.
Prominent Dramatists: Bharatendu, Prasad, Jagdish Chandra Mathur, Ram Kumar Verma, Mohan Rakesh.
The development of Hindi Theature.
Criticism
The origin and development of Hindi criticism: Saiddhantik, Vyavharik, Pragativadi, Manovishleshanvadi & Nai Alochana.
Prominent critics: Ramchandra Shukla, Hajari Prasad Dwivedi, Ram Vilas Sharma & Nagendra.
The other forms of Hindi prose- Lalit Nibandh, Rekhachitra, Sansmaran, Yatra-vrittant.
Paper II
This paper will require first hand reading of prescribed texts and will test the critical ability of the candidates.
Section A
Kabir: Kabir Granthawali, Ed, Shyam Sundar Das (First hundred Sakhis)
Surdas: Bhramar Gitsar, Ed. Ramchandra Shukla (First hundred Padas)
Tulsidas: Ramchrit Manas (Sundar Kand) Kavitawali (Uttar Kand)
Jayasi: Padmawat Ed. Shyam Sundar Das (Sinhal Dwip Khand & Nagmativiyog Khand)
Bihari: Bihari Ratnakar Ed. Jagnnath Prasad Ratnakar (First 100 Dohas)
Maithili Sharan Gupta: Bharat Bharati
Prasad: Kamayani (Chinta and Sharddha Sarg)
Nirala: Rag-Virag, Ed. Ram Vilas Sharma (Ram Ki Shakti Puja & Kukurmutta)
Dinkar: Kurushetra
Agyeya: Angan Ke Par Dwar (Asadhya Vina)
Muktiboth: Brahma Rakshas
Nagarjun: Badal Ko Ghirte Dekha Hai, Akal Ke Bad, Harijan Gatha
Section B
Bharatendu: Bharat Durdasha
Mohan Rakesh: Ashad Ka Ek Din
Ramchandra Shukla: Chintamani (Part I) - (Kavita Kya Hai] Shraddha Aur Bhakti)
Dr. Satyendra: Nibandh Nilaya-Bal Krishna Bhatt, Premchand, Gulab Rai, Hajari Prasad Dwivedi, Ram Vilas Sharma, Agyeya, Kuber Nath Rai.
Premchand: Godan, Premchand ki Sarvashreshtha Kahaniyan, Ed. Amrit Rai, Manjusha - Premchand ki Sarvashreshtha Kahaniyan, Ed. Amrit Rai
Prasad: Skandgupta
Yashpal: Divya
Phaniswar Nath Renu: Maila Anchal
Mannu Bhandari: Mahabhoj
Rajendra Yadav: Ek Dunia Samanantar (All Stories)
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