How to Help an Emotionally Unstable Person & What to Say When Someone Is Struggling

Express your concerns to the person.

Open up a conversation by describing the behavior you’ve observed. It can feel hard to start a conversation about mental health with someone, but when you use “I” statements, you can talk about your concerns without making the person feel blamed or judged. “I’ve been worried about you lately.” “I’ve noticed some changes in your behavior lately, so I wanted to check in with you.” “I wanted to see how you’re doing, since you’ve seemed [down/stressed/upset].”

Ask open-ended questions.

Start your questions with a word like “how,” “what,” or “why.” By asking questions that allow the person to respond with more than a “yes” or “no,” you gain a better understanding of that person’s situation and show them you care about their thoughts, feelings, and ideas. “How are you feeling about that?” “What’s troubling you?” “Would you tell me more about [the situation/your feelings/that experience]?”

Listen more often than you speak.

Practice active listening to make the person feel heard. When you actively listen, you give your full attention to the speaker and engage with what they say. From time to time, you can summarize what the person is saying and encourage them to go on. Make eye contact and stay relaxed in your posture. Check your understanding by asking “So it seems like you’re saying… Is that right?” Show them you’re listening by occasionally nodding, saying “Oh” or “Mmm-hmm.” Prompt them to go on by asking “And?” or “Could you tell me more about that?”

Acknowledge the other person’s emotions.

By telling someone their feelings are valid, you’ll create connection. Oftentimes, people think that supporting someone’s feelings will reinforce negative emotions or make the situation worse. In fact, by affirming someone’s feelings, you can encourage communication and make them feel understood! That type of connection can go a long way in improving the situation. “I hear how upset/sad/angry you are.” “That sounds really difficult.” “You seem sad.”

Tell them you are there to support them.

Remind the person they’re not alone to help them feel more comfortable. Struggling with mental health can feel scary and isolating, and the person might even feel like they’re burdening others by sharing their difficulties. By explicitly stating that you’re there to help and are on their side, you can de-escalate anger or suspicion while reinforcing that the person matters and has value. “I’m here for you. Please let me know how I can help.” “I may not be able to know exactly what you’re feeling, but I care about you and want to support you.” “You matter to me.” Reader Poll: We asked 472 wikiHow readers, and 63% of them agreed that the best way to respond when someone confides in you about personal issues is to show empathy and offer support. [Take Poll]

Guide the person to a mental health professional.

Explain how professional treatment can help. Even though you’re doing your best to support and care for this person, only a mental health professional can truly help resolve any underlying issues. Let the person know that psychologists are trained and use scientifically-proven methods that can help them feel better. “When I hear you talk about how [upset/sad/angry/stressed] you are, I feel worried. I think it would be really helpful for you to talk to someone about how you’re feeling.” “Could I help you find a therapist/doctor to talk to?” If you have experience seeing a therapist, try talking about how much it helped you. That might help the other person feel more at ease with the idea. If the person can’t afford treatment, encourage them to go to a governmentally-funded free clinical (called Federally Qualified Health Centers in the U.S.) or reach out to the National Alliance on Mental Health 24/7 hotline by texting NAMI to 741741.

In any way you can, help them go to treatment.

Offer to drive or go along to appointments, or help pay the co-pay. You can also offer to call their primary care physician for a referral to a psychologist. Even just sitting next to them to look up a psychologist through a workplace referral program or the internet might be helpful. However, since everyone likes to get support in different ways, you can always just ask what they’d like for help and be sure to respect their boundaries. “How do you feel about me driving you to the appointment?” “How can I best support you?” “What can I do to help you?”

If possible, offer to help with daily tasks.

Assist with everyday tasks to help reduce this person’s stress. If you can do the tasks together, you might also help that person feel less lonely, which is especially important since chronic stress and loneliness can worsen underlying mental health issues. Just make sure to look out for your own time and energy by picking tasks that feel reasonable to you and that you can commit to doing. “Is there something I can take on to help make your life easier?” Offer to help with grocery shopping, cooking, childcare, or household chores.

Watch out for suicide warning signs.

If you think the person might hurt themselves, get help immediately. Call your national emergency number or the suicide prevention hotline phone number for your country, such as 988 if you're in the United States or Canada (you can also text this number). Let the person know your concerns and explicitly ask “Are you thinking about suicide?” Take the person to a safe place and remove objects the person could use to hurt themselves while you wait for help. Check in with them after the crisis is over.

Take care of yourself.

If you feel really overwhelmed, set boundaries. Caring for someone dealing with mental health difficulties can be really tough. It’s okay to set limits on when you can talk, what you can talk about, and how you’d like the person to speak to you if they’re being disrespectful or abusive. Looking out for yourself will ultimately help you take better care of the other person! “I’m here for you, but a mental health professional might be able to give you even better support.” If the person is being abusive or disrespectful, say, “When you talk to me that way, I find it really hard to listen.” Take time for yourself to spend time with others and do activities you enjoy to de-stress.